Antifuse programming technology pdf

Programming technologies and architectures of fplds. Jan 08, 2019 it is a programmable chip technology that creates permanent, conductive paths between transistors. Realtime device verification actels antifuse fpgas contain actionprobe circuitry that provides builtin access to every node in a design, enabling 100% realtime observation and analysis of a devicesinternal logic nodes without design iteration. Apr 03, 1990 an antifuse element is an electrically programmable device which is normally in an opencircuit, or high resistance, state.

Antifuse programming circuit with snapback select transistor us20070279086a1 en 20060601. When users think of fpga programming, they often think in terms of a. When a fuse is programmed, the conduction path is destroyed, resulting in high resistance and a low resistance when not programmed. Wang actel corporation, mountain view, ca 94043, usa jihjong.

Understanding actel antifuse device security digchip. Configuration switch implementation and single event upset seu susceptibility. Military grade antifuse products are available for axcelerator, sxa, and mx families. Srambased technology contains higher capacity than antifuse technologies. The benefits of antifuse otp semiconductor engineering. This document describes only the programming solutions supported for antifuse devices. Jun, 2019 that is where the field programmable gate arrays fpgas become of interest. In principle, the operation mechanisms of 2t and 1. A disadvantage of antifuse fpga is that they require more process layers and mask steps and also contain high voltage programming transistors.

When programming statically, a statistical average is used to set the programming time. Many such technologies have been considered for use in fpgas, including laser programming, pass transistors controlled by sram or eprom cells and antifuses. The proposed 32kb otp rom cell array consists of 4. In contrast to threeterminal nems logic switches 25. Pdf a multibit antifusetype onetime programmable otp memory is. Semiconductor antifuse structure and method advanced. A multibit antifuse type onetime programmable otp memory is designed, which has a smaller area and a shorter programming time compared with the conventional singlebit antifuse type otp memory. Design of 1 kbit antifuse one time programmable memory ip using dual program voltage article pdf available in journal of central south university of technology 181. Whereas a fuse starts with a low resistance and is designed to permanently break an electrically conductive path typically when the current through the path exceeds a specified limit, an antifuse starts with a high resistance, and programming it converts it into a permanent electrically conductive path. Configuration bitstream can be stored in fpga using various technologies. Each release of the silicon sculptor and flashpro software goes through a. It is a programmable chip technology that creates permanent, conductive paths between transistors. This is important for calibrating devices that may go through different test stages before and after packaging, adjusting different parts of the circuitry accordingly. The antifuse programming performances are measured with the conditions in fig.

Some of these devices may already have corresponding product discontinuation notices pdn, indicating that microsemi intends to cease shipment of these products in the near future. Calvano of the nbs center for consumer product technology. Failure to submit the original form complete with documentation may prevent the student from progressing to the clinical portion of the program. The technical research was performed by nicholas j. Programmable asics fpgas hold array of basic logic cells basic cells configured using programming technologies programming technology determines basic cell and interconnect scheme programming technologies discussed. Otp technology 06022003 uahcpe528 8 antifuse contd. Antifuse eprom circuitry scheme for fieldprogrammable repair. The antifuse is a device that doesnt conduct current initially, but can be burned to conduct current the antifuse behavior is thus opposite to that of the fuse, hence the name. The antifuse technology creates closed circuits by turning nonconductive silicon into a conductive via. It is an open path until a programming current is forced through it by applying a high programming voltage across it. Us6859408b2 current limiting antifuse programming path. In addition, the standby power, or leakage, is much higher for efuse than for antifuse.

What programmers can i use to program actel devices. A programming signal changes an antifuse device to a lowresistance state. Admission into the vision care technology program is provisionally based upon acceptance of the approved health evaluation record. Thus the architecture of the antifuse based devices makes electronic readback impossible. The programming voltage, hv, is ramped from 0 v up to a value as high as 12 v in the presented test and the programming current is sensed. Architecture of fieldprogrammable gate arrays proceedings. Part ii focuses on seven technology development areas included in the jpsg program and the anticipated payoffs. Antifuse programming technology an antifuse is the opposite of a regular fuse.

Review of fuse and antifuse solutions for advanced. Antifuse, on the other hand, can be programmed 18 times to be a 1. With todays larger format wafers and smaller process geometries, mask costs continue to rise while minimum lot sizes have also increased in orders of magnitude. This paper explores various aspects of the microsemi antifuse security structures, as well as the inherent security of the technology and underlying architecture. Antifuse field programmable gate arrays ieee xplore. As the channel length and the gateoxide thickness are scaled down, the breakdown voltage of the gateoxide is decreased. If the antifuse cannot be read as a 1 after the initial programming, then it can be programmed again and. Application note ac225 programming antifuse devices. Many such technologies have been considered for use in fpgas, including laser programming smith allen, pass transistors controlled by sram hsieh. One time programmable antifuse memory based on bulk. Using antifuse 1totp for analog trimming and calibration. Some programming methods are common to both and some are exclusive to flash. Other memories require either additional masks with regards to core process, additional technological steps or unaffordable programming conditions.

Wang, yinming sun, durwyn dsilva, brian cronquist, and john mccollum actel corporation, mountain view, ca94043, usa part rtax250s rtax2000s ccells 2816 21,504 rcells 1408 10,752 ram kbits 54 288 global signals 8 4hclk, 4rclk 8 4hclk, 4rclk io banks 8 8. In antifuse fpgas, as fuses are programmed, it becomes impossible to uniquely address previously programmed fuses making programming essentially a oneway function. Antifuse programming circuit with snapback select transistor us20080165609a1 en 20070108. A fieldprogrammable gate array fpga is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing hence the term fieldprogrammable. Department of computer science and technology, yanbian university, yanji 3002, china. The programming technology the basic logic cells the io logic cells programmable interconnect software to design and program the fpga currently the four main players in this field are. An antifuse eprom and 3v programming circuit has been demonstrated in an existing 0. Actel calls its antifuse a programmable lowimpedance circuit element plice. Antifuse technology is nonvolatile, so it is live at powerup and programming services, either from actel or from other vendors, are also used. A programming voltage applied between g and s actuates the device to connect g and s i.

An antifuse element is an electrically programmable device which is normally in an opencircuit, or high resistance, state. When a high voltage from 11 to 20 volts, depending on the type of antifuse is applied across its terminals the antifuse will blow and create a low. Mar 29, 2020 that is where the field programmable gate arrays fpgas become of interest. Fpgas programming technology basic logic cells io logic cells programmable inter connect software to design and program the fpga. An antifuse includes a first terminal coupled to the first node and a second terminal coupled to a programming bus. In summary, an otp memory with antifuse has better yield for programming, lower power consumption for unprogrammed bits, and overall superior security. The antifusebased fpga cant be then reprogrammed since there is no way to return a burned antifuse into the initial state. Pdf design of smallarea multibit antifusetype 1 kbit otp memory.

Antifusebased fpgas are different from the previous ones in that they can be programmed. The probe circuitry is accessed by silicon explorer, an easy to use. Antifuse technology is nonvolatile, so it is live at powerup and inherently very. There is a brief discussion of the programmable element impact on the.

A soak overprogram step is performed to ensure that the antifuse is fully programmed and the resistance of the antifuse is uniform across the chip. Jun 23, 2019 antifuse programming fpgas pdf admin june 23, 2019 no comments fpga field programmable gate array is an integrated circuit fpga devices are produced by a number of semiconductor basic modes of programming. Importance of dynamic programming for achieving hard. Fpgas are programmable, and the program resides in a memory which determines how the logic and routing in the device is configured. One type of antifuse is formed of high resistivity amorphous silicon which dramatically changes resistance upon application of an appropriate signal. Silicon carbide sic nanoelectromechanical antifuse for. Set characterization and mitigation in rtaxs antifuse fpgas sana rezgui, j. Antifuse technology has more silicon area per gate and is easier to route than sram technology. While the conventional antifuse type otp memory can store a bit per cell, a proposed otp memory can store two consecutive bits per cell through a. The antifuse based fpga cant be then reprogrammed since there is no way to return a burned antifuse into the initial state. Actel altera xilinx atmel imperial college, 2005 digital system design 3. Ongoing radiation effects on fpgas lessons learned and.

And the programming time of the proposed otp memory is nearly 50%. In contrast to blowing fuses in the fusible link method, which opens a circuit by breaking the conductive path, the antifuse method closes the circuit by growing a conductive layer via two metal layers in between a layer of nonconductive, amorphous silicon is sandwiched as shown in. The partnership between law enforcement and the military the boundaries separating the functions of the law enforcement. At the latest technology node, the antifuse memory has been demonstrated on finfet technology 7. The fpga configuration is generally specified using a hardware description language hdl, similar to that used for an applicationspecific integrated circuit asic. In addition, the actel antifuse technology ensures design security and gets your, resistance and low capacitance properties, actels antifuse technology offers very high speeds. Programming current controls the antifuse resistance typically for 5ma it is 500 ohms. The second factor that determines a successful hard breakdown is the stress time or programming time. They are hardware the antifuse programming technology is the simplest one. Pdf metaltometal antifuse with low programming voltage and low. The actel programming algorithm serially identifies each antifuse requiring programming and applies a voltage in pulses to program the antifuse. The programming voltage of the antifuse with 120 a hfo2 is properly. Design security in nonvolatile flash and antifuse fpgas 5 1.

Antifuse based fpgas are different from the previous ones in that they can be. An antifuse based fpga is the most secure programmable device available. Technology cmos technology complex programmable logic devices cplds field programmable logic devices fpgas sram programming antifuse programming eepromcmos technology uvepromcmos technology figure 4. This document describes only the programming solutions supported for antifuse. Semiconductor antifuse structure and method advanced micro.

Design of smallarea multibit antifusetype 1 kbit otp. Key laboratory of microelectronics devices and integrated technology. Gsa is creating a 21st century workplace across government to save money and increase productivity. An antifuse programming pad is coupled to the first programming bus for permitting a sufficient voltage to short the first antifuse to be applied to the first programming bus from external to the integrated circuit.

If the efuse cannot be read as a 1 after programming, then the programming failed, which means yield loss. As technology node further advances to its end, a gateallaround gaa nanowire device is thought to be an ultimate technology 8. The antifuse technology, routing architecture, logic mod ule, design automation, programming, testing and use of acttm antifuse fpga s are described. Legacy devices are fpgas that microsemi no longer recommends for new designs. Video created by university of colorado boulder for the course introduction to fpga design for embedded systems. Actel only tests the programming of actel devices on the flashpro, silicon sculptor, and bp microsystems programmers. Importance of dynamic programming for achieving hard breakdown in antifuse technology. The method of programming an antifuse device and the role of the security fuse are also discussed. Introduction fpgas continue to grow in density and capability, enabling users to implement more complex and valuable designs.

Thus the architecture of the antifuse based devices makes electronic readback impossible, even if the locking mechanism is not used. Antifuse based fpgas are different from the previous ones in that they can be programmed. Antifuse technology the antifuse architecture is otp by design. Admission into the health information technology program is provisionally based upon acceptance of the approved health evaluation record. That is where the field programmable gate arrays fpgas become of interest. Aug 23, 2019 antifuse programming fpgas pdf admin august 23, 2019 august 23, 2019 no comments on antifuse programming fpgas pdf fpga field programmable gate array is an integrated circuit fpga devices are produced by a number of semiconductor basic modes of programming. Actel only tests the programming of actel devices on the flashpro, silicon sculptor, and bp.

Pdf design of 1 kbit antifuse one time programmable. Antifuse programming methodology antifuse systems eg. Review of fuse and antifuse solutions for advanced standard cmos technologies article in microelectronics journal 4012. Set characterization and mitigation in rtaxs antifuse fpgas. Design security in nonvolatile flash and antifuse fpgas. Antifuse technology is nonvolatile, so it is live at powerup and inherently very secure. Antifuse eprom circuitry scheme for fieldprogrammable. Antifuse technology functions by a mechanism that is the opposite of fuse technology. A big advantage of 1totp memory over efuse or mask rom technology is that it can easily be programmed in the field, using a programming voltage generated onchip. The architecture of an fpga is determined, in large part, by the programmable switch technology used to configure it. To be presented at the 1st nasa electronic parts and packaging nepp program electronic technology workshop june 2224, 2010, n asa gsfc, greenbelt, md. Method and apparatus for regulating an antifuse programming current by lightly doping an electrically connected region so that the resistance of the region responds in a nonlinear manner to changes in voltage. Part iii draws conclusions regarding program benefits. Department of justice and department of defense joint.

The usage of the gateoxide of cmos has the great advantage of its feasibility to be applied to standard cmos. An antifuse is an electrical device that performs the opposite function to a fuse. At the initial unprogrammed state, g and s form an open circuit. In contrast, the more 0 stored in the antifuse, the less power is consumed. There are two established ways to program the antifuse device, statically or dynamically.